Internal expanding vehicle brake



Filed Sept. 21, 1943 Oct. l2, 1948. c. L. EKSERGIAN ETAL 2,451,325

INTERNAL EXPANDING- VEHICLE BRAKE 3 Sheets-Sheet 1 Roberf B. Temple Karl. C. 1Hat o Carolus Liklserqun.

Oct. 12, 1948.

.,| EKSERGIAN ETAL.

INTERNAL EXPANDING VEHICLE BRAKE Filed Sept. 2l, 1943 JHCTL.

3 sheetssheet 2 NVENTOR Caro/lus L .i Rs arq icm. llobli [3 .Temple BY Karl @9c-)cula Oct. 12, 1948. c. 1 EKSERGIAN Erm. 2,451,325

INTERNAL EXPANDINGr VEHICLE BRAKE Filed Sept. 21, 1943 I5 Sheets- Sheet 3 Robec B. Temple Karl CrHcufleJA g Ulf' INVENToRs. Carolus Likserqion.

Patented on. 12, 194s Carolus L. Eksergian, Detroit, Robert B. Temple. Grosse Pointe Park, and Karl C. Harle, Detroit, Mich., asslgnors to The Budd Company, Phlladelphia, Pa., a corporation o! Pennsylvania Application September 21, 1943, SerlalNo. 503,204

The invention relates to brake mechanisms and particularly to such mechanismsof the internally expanding type.

4 Claims. (Cl. 18a-'18) Figure 5a is a detail sectional view taken on the v line Ba-la of Figure; i

v1t is anvobject of the invention to simplify the construction and operaticnoiibrakes of this class,

thereby facilitating th'e fabrication andl repair' thereof, lengthening their lite and thus decreasing the cost of manufacture and maintenance.

The invention is particularly concerned-with in- --ternaily expanding brakes oi the two-shoe type in which the shoes are symmetrically arranged on opposite sides of a diameter oi the part to be braked, and in which both normal-uuid actuation and emergency actuation o! the shoes are separately provided. Such shoes are usually floatinglyv mounted both radially a'nd circumferentially to freethem for the necessary braking and anchoring movements. v

It has been usual for the iluid actuation of such brakes, to secure equal braking in forward and reverse directions, to provide a pair of cylinder actuators between each ot the adjacent ends of the shoes, each cylinder carrying a pair oi pistons one for each shoe end. By the present arrangement a simple cylinder with a single piston is made to do the work of a double-piston cylinder.

This is accomplished by having the movable piston of such cylinder ilexibly engage the central portion of the adjacent shoe to actuate it and to provide simple anchoring means between the shoe ends, which anchoring means may be com.- bined variously with emergency actuating and/or adjusting means for adjusting the shoes for-wear.

These and other objects and advantages and the manner in which they are attained will beu come clear from the following detailed description, when read in connection with the appended drawings forming a part of this specication.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 is an elevational view, looking at the inside of the backing plate, showing the brake mechanism of the invention associated therewith, one of the cylinders being partly broken away;

Figure 2 is a. vertical sectional view taken substantially along the line 2-2 of'Figure 1, and looking in the direction of the arrows at the end of the section line;

Figures 3, 4 and 5 are detail sectional views on an enlarged scale, taken. respectively, on the-lines l-SJ-I andB-lcfFigure 1;

Figure 6 is an elevational view similar Flr' ure 1 ci a modified arrangement oi' certain o! the elements oi the brake mechanism;

`Figure '1` is a vertical sectional view, similar to Figure 2, of the modiilcation shown in' Figure 6, the section being taken on the line I--1 of Figvure 6;

Figures 8. 9 and 10 are detailsectional views taken respectively, on the lines B-I, 8-9 and lli-i0 of Figure 6;

Figure 11 is a fragmentary elevational view showing a modified anchoring and adjusting means which may bel employed in place of the means shown in Figures l and 3; and

Figure 12 is a detail part sectional view taken substantially on the line i2--l2 of Figure 11.

The preferred embodiment of the invention shown in Figures 1 to 5a, inclusive, comprises a backing plate I0 upon which all the non-rotating parts of'the brake mechanisml are mounted.

vthis backing plate having a, central opening Ii to receive the axle housing to which it is adapted to be rigidly secured by an annular series of bolts (not shown) extendingthrough the openings I2 in the backing plate. At its outer periphery the backing plate has a usual axially extending flange I3 overlying the inner margin of the rotary brake drum (not shown) secured to the wheel to be braked.

According to the invention, two symmetrical brake shoes Il and l5 are mounted on the backing plate, having their opposite ends resting, when in the inactive position shown, against diametrically opposed anchors, the top one designated generally i6 and the bottom one l1. The shoes are held against the anchors, in the oi position of the brakes, by a pair of tensioned coil springs il interconnecting the opposite ends of the shoes.

Simple actuating means, are provided for the shoes consisting of fluid-actuators I9 and 20 engaging the respective shoes adjacent their central portions.

Each shoe maybe of the usual T-section, carrying a, brake lining 2| secured to the head of the T and having the stem or web of the T-section extend radially. inwardly. To give the shoes the required stiffness in their central regions where they are engaged by the actuators, the web in this region is made somewhat wider, tapering toward the ends.

Each or the actuators is similarly constructed l and a description of one will in large part sumce for the other, except for the differences to be pointed out. For example, each actuator comprises a cylinder block having an attaching flange 22 rigidly secured to the backing plate by the bolts 23. The inner end ol' the cylinder is closed by a head integral with the block, .the cylinder bore 24 extending radially outwardly to its radially outer open end. A piston 2l is slidably mounted in the cylinder and provided with a suitable sealing ring 23 for preventing the escape of uid between it and the cylinder bore. This piston 25 ls connected to the adjacent shoe by a short strut 21, the outer end of which is biturcated at 23 and straddles the shoe web towhich it is ilexibly or pivotally secured by a pin 23.

To allow endwise shifting ofthe shoe, as I4, associated with an actuator, as I9, the inner end of the strut has a hemispherical end tltting a similarly formed socket 25' in the piston. As shown in Figure a, the sides oi the socket in a transaxial plane are cut away at 33 to permit the slight endwisel or circumferential shifting of the shoe to engage vthe respective anchors without tendency to cock the piston in the cylinder. A exible seal 30' prevents the entrance of dirt into the open end of the cylinder.

Normally, the piston 25 may have its inner trace substantially in contact with the closed inner end wall o! the associated cylinder, and to insure-surfaces against which the uld can react between the pistonand cylinder, the inner end of the piston `is preferably formed with an annular groove 3l extending'to the end of the piston. The port. as 32, through which the fluid enters the cylinder, communicates with the space between piston and cylinder formed by this groove. Another port, not shown, connects this spaceA with a pipe 33 leading to a port 34 in the cylinder of actuator 23 for the shoe I5. This last-named port also communicated with a groove 3i formed in the' end of the associated piston. A suitable bleeder porta-not shown, may be associated with the actuator cylinder block 1219 for facility in llling the system with hydraulic uid. 4

The operationof the brake mechanism so far described will take place as follows: Assuming the drum to lbe braked rotating in clockwise direction, when iluid pressure is supplied to the actuators, the pistons 25 will be forced outwardly, and through the struts 21 the shoes I4 and I5 will be moved outwardly into engagement with the rotating drum. This will cause the ends of the shoes to move a slight distance away from their respective anchors I9 and I1, until the frictional engagement of the-shoes and drum issuilcient to carry the shoes around with the drum to bringtheir heel ends in solidly abutting engagement with the respective anchors. This circumferential movement is permitted by the ilexible connection between the shoes and the respective pistons of the actuators I9 and 20. When the fluid pressure is released, the springs I8 return the shoes with all their ends in-abutting engagement with the anchors I6 and II.

To provideior adjustment of the shoes for wear, the upper anchor I3 may be of the special construction now to be described.

It may consist of a unitary anchor block 35 having a central boss 36 lltting a." hole in the backing plate I9 and a ilange portion 31 ntting Ymina and riveted to tubular anchor portion 33 extends inwardly from the ilange portion between the adjacent shoe ends.= This tubular portion slidably receives an adjustable combined spreader and anchor 39. having a central portion slidable within the tubular portion 33 and lateral wings 40 guided in slots 4I l extending from its inner .end toward the ilange '31. Thus the movable anchor and spreader is vheld against rotation by the slots and wings. The outer ends of the wings 49 are formed with inclined faces, as 42. which engage corresponding inclined faces 43 on the ends of the webs ofthe respective shoes, f

The shoes are spaced from the backing plate at the anchor location by having their webs seated on the inner i'aces ot anges, as 44. projecting inwardly some distance from the flange portion 3l, but-l less than the tubular portion 33. Thus the endsof the shoes adjacent the anchor are normally securely held in the angles formed by the inclined faces of the sliding spreader and anchor 39 and the adjacent faces ofthe flanges 44,. see Figure 3,'- b'y the Springs I3. This avoids all looseness and rattling of the parts.

To adjust the spreader and anchor 39, its

central portion is provided with a screw-threaded opening and a bolt l45 mounted rotatably in the anchor block 35 hasl its inner end correspond-- ingly screw-threaded andscrewedinto said open'- in g. The bolt is prevented from inward movevment by-a ilangelo engaging the outer f ace of the boss 36, its extreme outer end being provided with a non-circular portion 41 for cof operation with a wrench or other suitable tool for turning it. It will be seen that rotation of the bolt in the. properY direction will move the spreader-anchor 39 outwardly toward the backing plate and the engagement of the inclined faces 44 with the' inclined faces 42 of the shoes will adjust the latter outwardly.

To hold the pin 45 in adjusted position a light coil spring 43 may surroundthe pin and engage at its opposite ends against the block 35 and the vanchor spreader 39. This spring allows a radial tooth or teeth 49 on the inner face of the iiange 46 on the bolt 454 to pass over corresponding radial serrations formed in the opposed end of the boss 36 and lock in the depressions in the serrations. This construction, also, facilitates the determination of the amount of the adjustment, by counting the clicks as the tooth or teeth 49 fall into successive depressions.

The opposite anchor I1 may be a simple inwardly projecting pin extending through an opening in the backing plate and secured thereto by the arrangement or a, nut so with its reduced screw-threaded outer end. A pair of washers, as 5I, including a split-lock washer,

'may be inserted between the nut and the backvportions 54 extending between the shoe ends.

Thesleeve 53' hassecured to it av lever arm 53',

havingsa bifurcated and recessed outer end forA the ready securement of anjoperating cable, see

Figure 2. For'. the emergency application of the v to be described.

brakes the lever and sleeve are rotated causing the diametrically opposite cam portions M to engage the respective sho`e ends and cam them out to braking engagement with the drum.

In the modification shown in Figures 6, 7. 8, 9 and 10, the shoes are mounted and actuated by means in al1 respects similar to the showing of Figures 1 to 5, except for vchanges in the anchoring and emergency actuating means now According to this modification, the lower anchor stud 55, secured generally similarly to the anchor I1, to a reinforced oiset portion of the backing plate ia is provided with a vertically elongated head 5S having slightly lcurved side faces 5l engaged by the adjacent ends of the respective shoes id and i5.

According to this modification, the stud 5E serves solely as an anchoring stud and the opposite anchor designated generally by numeral 55 has associated therewith the emergency actuator.

The block 35a of this anchor EB is generally similar to the anchor block 35 and is similarly secured to the backing plate. y

The anchor-spreader, designated generally by reference character 39a, is combined in a unitary piece with the emergency actuator. To this end the anchor-spreader Sea is provided with a stem 60 integral therewith, but of less diameter than its inner end 'which slidingly fits the-tubular portion 38a. The outer end of the stem projecting some distance beyond the backing -plate through an opening in the block 35a. This outer end of the stem 60 is splined, as shown at 6|and the extreme end thereofis screw threaded and receives an adjusting nut 62. Between the adjusting nut and the boss 36a of the anchor block 35a is mounted, on the stem 60, bhe hub 83 of the emergency actuating lever 64, which is connected at its free end to an actuating link or cable 6E. The hub 63 of the lever B4 has splines engaging the splines of the stem 60 and is slidable endwise of the stem but rotates therewith.

By turning the nut,62,vthe anchor-spreader 59 is moved endwise and the shoes are cammed outwardly, in the identical manner shown in the preferred form, to adjust the shoes. In this adjustment the hub 63 of the actuator lever 64 is slid endwise of the stem 60. The nut 62 maybe locked in position and give an indication of the amount of the adjustment in the manner shown in connection with :the preferred form, a light spring 48' between the inner enlarged end of the stem and the block 35a maintaining the lock, but permitting the necessary endwise movement of the stem.

Figures 1 to 5. The means there shown comprisesy a usual form of combined anchor and spreader in which ,a conical faced spreader block 61 is slidably mounted in a tubular inward extension 68 of the anchor block 35h secured to the backing plate lub. The adjacent ends of the shoes Ila and 15a are held in place by having their rounded ends of their web portions positioned in slots t8 formed in the extension d@ and resting against the similarly rounded conical faces of the spreader block 61. The latter is adjustable by engagement therewith of an adjusting screw l2 operable from the outside and having an inner enlarged head la having radial serrations `il on its end face engaging corresponding serrations on the spreader block 8l. These serrations function similarly to the adjustment serrations referred to in connection with the other forms described.

While several modifications of the invention have been specifically described it will be understood that other modifications might be devised by thos skilled in this art falling within the purview of the invention, and it is intended to cover such modifications in theappended claims.

What is claimed is:

1. A brake mechanism comprising a backing plate, a pair of brake shoes movably mounted on said backing plate for movement "to operative and inoperative positions, normal actuating means for so moving the shoes, anchor means between adjacent ends of said shoes, said anchor means including a unitary member engaging the adjacent shoe ends and movable endwise for adjusting the shoes and rotariiy for providing an plate having anchor means thereon at diametrically opposite sides thereof, a pair of brake shoes fioatingly mounted on the backing plate on opposite sides of the diameter containing the anchor means, actuating means for the shoes comprising a fluid actuator for each shoe flexibly engaging on the backing plate and a piston movable thereof, and brake shoe adjusting and emergency actuator means mounted for rotation and endwise movementl between and in engagement with the brake shoe ends associated with one of said anchor means.

' To provide the necessary 'movement 0f the y shoes on the turning of the stem 80 by the emergency actuator lever, the lateral wings 40a of the anchor-spreader 39a are widened vertically by extensions 66, one extending upwardly and the other downwardly as shown in Figure 6. This extension insures that, when the stem B0v is rotated in the emergency application, the cam faces a formed by lateral wing 40a and their vertical extensions 66 are of sufficient length to push the shoes outwardly into braking engagement under all conditions of wear.

By this arrangement, it vwill be seen that the anchor, adjuster and emergency actuator are compactly combined into a unitary structure.

In Figures 11 and 12 is shown a modified form of anchoring and adjusting means which may be employed in place of the means shown in 3. A brake mechanism comprising a backing plate having anchor means thereon at diametrically opposite sides thereof, a pair of brake shoes fioatingly mounted on the backing plate on opposite sides of the diameter containing the anchor means and adapted to alternately engage the respective anchor means for forward and reverse movement, actuating means for the shoes comprising, for each shoe, a brake cylinder mounted on the backing plate and a piston movable therein and having a direct thrust connection pivotally engagingl the adjacent shoe substantially centrally thereof. brake shoe adjusting means mounted on one of said anchor means for engagement with one pair of shoe ends, and an emergency actuator cam mounted on the other of said anchor means for engagement with the other pair of shoe ends.

4. A brake mechanism comprising a backing plate having anchor means thereon at diametrically opposite sides thereof, a pair of brake shoes oatingly mounted on the backing plate on opposite sides of the diameter containing the an-A chor means and adapted to alternately engaged l mounted on the backing plate and a piston mov-'- able therein and having a direct thrust oonnection plvotally engaging lthe adjacent shoesubstantially centrally thereof, and brake shoe ad- Justing and emergency actuator means associated as a unit wlth'one of said anchor means for engagement wlththeadlacent shoe ends.

CAROLUS L.' -ROBERT B. TEMPLE.

KARL C. HARLE.

REFERENCES cri-En" The following references are of record ln the le of this patent:

' SUNITED STATES PATENTS Number Re. 21,380 i 1,663,147.

Name Date La Brle Mar. 6, 1940 Spotz Mar. 20, 1928I Dodge July 24, 1934 Ollver Sept. 4, 1934 La Brie Aug. 23, 1938 Mem July 4. 1939 Jeery May 28, 1940 Goepfrlch Aug. 25, 1942 Hatch July 20, 1943l Certificate of Correction Patent No. 2,451,325. October 12, 1948.

CAROLUS L. EKSERGIAN ET AL.

It is hereby certified that errors appear in the printed specification of the above numbered patent requiring correction as follows:

Column 6, line 43, claim 2, strike out on the backing plate and s, piston movable and insert instead the adjacent shoe substantially centrally; line 72, claim 4, for the wordengaged read engage;

and that the said Letters Patent should be reed with these corrections therein that the seme may conform to the record of the cese in the Patent Oice.

Signed and sealed this 11th day of January, A. D. 1949.

THOMAS F. MURPHY,

Assistant Commissioner of Patents. 

